ABSTRACT
Prompt on-site diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 with other respiratory infections would have minimized the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic through rapid, effective management. However, no such multiplex point-of-care (POC) chip has satisfied a suitable sensitivity of gold-standard nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). Here, we present a rapid multiplexed ultrasensitive sample-to-answer LAMP (MUSAL) chip operated by simple LED-driven photothermal amplification to detect six targets from single-swab sampling. First, our MUSAL chip allows ultrafast on-chip sample preparation with â¼500-fold preconcentration at a rate of 1.2 mL min-1 . Second, our chip enables contamination-free amplification using autonomous target elution into on-chip reagents by photothermal activation. Finally, our chip accomplishes multiplexed on-chip diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses with a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.5 copies µL-1 . Our rapid, ultra-sensitive, cost-effective sample-to-answer chip with a multiplex capability will allow timely management of various pandemics situations we may face shortly. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Frontline screening nurses experienced exhaustion and depressive symptoms as a long-term impact of COVID-19. This study aimed to explore fatigue, depression, and empowerment among frontline screening nurses and examine the factors influencing depression. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study included 140 frontline screening nurses in South Korea recruited from February to March 2021. The measures included a fatigue scale, the Text of Items Measuring Empowerment (TIME), and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The STROBE checklist was used for reporting aspects of the cross-sectional design. Frontline screening nurses showed high fatigue scores (M = 3.47, SD = 0.55), and 55.7% (n = 78) of them were depressed and had low empowerment scores (M = 3.53, SD = 0.69). Empowerment and fatigue were predictors of depression. Increased empowerment and decreased fatigue were important in decreasing depression. Therefore, efforts to provide sufficient staffing, screening for depression, and listening to nurses' voices are necessary.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Nurses , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depression/diagnosis , Fatigue/diagnosis , Fatigue/etiology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
SARS-CoV-2 precipitates respiratory distress by infection of airway epithelial cells and is often accompanied by acute kidney injury. We report that Kidney Injury Molecule-1/T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain 1 (KIM-1/TIM-1) is expressed in lung and kidney epithelial cells in COVID-19 patients and is a receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Human and mouse lung and kidney epithelial cells express KIM-1 and endocytose nanoparticles displaying the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (virosomes). Uptake was inhibited by anti-KIM-1 antibodies and TW-37, a newly discovered inhibitor of KIM-1-mediated endocytosis. Enhanced KIM-1 expression by human kidney tubuloids increased uptake of virosomes. KIM-1 binds to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in vitro . KIM-1 expressing cells, not expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), are permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, KIM-1 is an alternative receptor to ACE2 for SARS-CoV-2. KIM-1 targeted therapeutics may prevent and/or treat COVID-19.